MIGRATION AND EMPLOYMENT IN SOUTH EAST EUROPE: European, regional, national perspectives | Anna Kristeva
"Migration [2] today is to work" [3] - so succinctly concludes the International Labour Organisation and illustrated with figures: the workers and their families are 90% of all migrants. Identical is the assessment of the International Organization for Migration: "There is still a demand and interest in labor migration in countries of origin and destination, despite pembuatan kitchen set the economic crisis," [4].
"The global crisis - potentially the worst that the world economy has ever switch" [5], "the most serious crisis since the Great Depression" [6] - dramatic descriptions of the crisis we are flooded by media analysis forums. Everyday experience constantly provides us with empirical illustrations. Evidence that there is a strong attractive force because it easily produces theoretical and political pembuatan kitchen set consensus. I'm not going to succumb to her, my goal is the opposite - to diversify the theoretical interpretations of the crisis. The analysis, of course, will deploy its intersection with migration. Will outline four different visions.
"A new era? Economic crisis, geopolitical transformation and the emergence of new migration policy. " The theme of the ambitious conference organized by the Centre for Migration, Policy and Society, University of Oxford, held in 2009, summarizes the main message of the first interpretation. She summed up in two statements: breadth and scope of the economic crisis is unprecedented; its impact on immigration is direct and decisive. Changes are regarded as so significant to justify a discussion of the emergence of the 'new migration policy. pembuatan kitchen set "
"I do not think there's a new era '. Impact of the global financial crisis on migration is not excessive. Migrants in the world are fired and did not return in the predicted scale. None seismic changes pembuatan kitchen set as in the Great Depression or the oil crisis. I also think it is too early to talk about the geopolitical transformations. I'm not convinced that we can really talk about "emergent migration order. '" [7]. K. Kozeri of the Center pembuatan kitchen set for Security Policy in Geneva clearly formulate the second vision that explicitly questions the previous year. Her main argument can be summarized with the statement: the crisis is global, pembuatan kitchen set but exit strategies from it are national. Moreover, the more comprehensive crisis becomes, the more reduced cooperation pembuatan kitchen set and strengthen national defense mechanisms [8].
Third interpretation introduces a radical critique. It stresses that the economic crisis should not mask another larger and deeper crisis of increasing social inequalities [9]. This vision shifts the focus from unemployment pembuatan kitchen set to inequality from economic to social. It deikonomizira crisis and offers reading, pembuatan kitchen set close in spirit to the concept of world-system of I. Wallerstein [10].
Crisis as an opportunity is a central point of the fourth interpretation [11]. New Post of the International Labour Organisation with the significant title Don't waste the crisis: critical perspective for a new economic model calls for reflection and debate, so that an exit from the crisis pembuatan kitchen set is not simply return to business pembuatan kitchen set as usual, and the justification of a new economic and social order. [12]
Despite the diversity of interpretations, there is a consensus among many analysts about the consequences of the crisis on migration [13]: Reduction of migration flows. It started in 2008 [14], when the OECD legal migration decreased by 6% - the first decline after five sustainable growth. Other indicators are the applications for work permits. In Velikobitnaiya they decreased by 24% in 2008 and 32 percent in 2009, for Ireland the figures are even higher: 42% and 60% [15]; Rising unemployment among foreign workers due to their greater employment in sectors more susceptible to economic cycles as construction, tourism and trade. In 2007, record pembuatan kitchen set low unemployment in the OECD - 5.8%, but up 8.7 percent in the first quarter of 2010. New 17 million people fill the ranks of the unemployed. Most affected are two groups - the young [16] and immigrants. Unemployment immigrants devastate the highest values in Ireland and Spain, where increased by 8% and 11%. Its average value for the EU-15 is two times higher than that of the citizens of the European countries. Once the most vulnerable groups are young and immigrants, it is logical to expect that the most affected will be exactly young immigrants. They disprportsionalno bear the burden of the crisis - one in four migrants (24%) aged between 15 and 24 in the EU will work [17]; Return migration due to low income or unemployment; Reducing transfers of migrants. The OECD report gives the number of 6% [18]; Growing hostility to immigrants [19].
These general trends need to be nuanced and articles
"Migration [2] today is to work" [3] - so succinctly concludes the International Labour Organisation and illustrated with figures: the workers and their families are 90% of all migrants. Identical is the assessment of the International Organization for Migration: "There is still a demand and interest in labor migration in countries of origin and destination, despite pembuatan kitchen set the economic crisis," [4].
"The global crisis - potentially the worst that the world economy has ever switch" [5], "the most serious crisis since the Great Depression" [6] - dramatic descriptions of the crisis we are flooded by media analysis forums. Everyday experience constantly provides us with empirical illustrations. Evidence that there is a strong attractive force because it easily produces theoretical and political pembuatan kitchen set consensus. I'm not going to succumb to her, my goal is the opposite - to diversify the theoretical interpretations of the crisis. The analysis, of course, will deploy its intersection with migration. Will outline four different visions.
"A new era? Economic crisis, geopolitical transformation and the emergence of new migration policy. " The theme of the ambitious conference organized by the Centre for Migration, Policy and Society, University of Oxford, held in 2009, summarizes the main message of the first interpretation. She summed up in two statements: breadth and scope of the economic crisis is unprecedented; its impact on immigration is direct and decisive. Changes are regarded as so significant to justify a discussion of the emergence of the 'new migration policy. pembuatan kitchen set "
"I do not think there's a new era '. Impact of the global financial crisis on migration is not excessive. Migrants in the world are fired and did not return in the predicted scale. None seismic changes pembuatan kitchen set as in the Great Depression or the oil crisis. I also think it is too early to talk about the geopolitical transformations. I'm not convinced that we can really talk about "emergent migration order. '" [7]. K. Kozeri of the Center pembuatan kitchen set for Security Policy in Geneva clearly formulate the second vision that explicitly questions the previous year. Her main argument can be summarized with the statement: the crisis is global, pembuatan kitchen set but exit strategies from it are national. Moreover, the more comprehensive crisis becomes, the more reduced cooperation pembuatan kitchen set and strengthen national defense mechanisms [8].
Third interpretation introduces a radical critique. It stresses that the economic crisis should not mask another larger and deeper crisis of increasing social inequalities [9]. This vision shifts the focus from unemployment pembuatan kitchen set to inequality from economic to social. It deikonomizira crisis and offers reading, pembuatan kitchen set close in spirit to the concept of world-system of I. Wallerstein [10].
Crisis as an opportunity is a central point of the fourth interpretation [11]. New Post of the International Labour Organisation with the significant title Don't waste the crisis: critical perspective for a new economic model calls for reflection and debate, so that an exit from the crisis pembuatan kitchen set is not simply return to business pembuatan kitchen set as usual, and the justification of a new economic and social order. [12]
Despite the diversity of interpretations, there is a consensus among many analysts about the consequences of the crisis on migration [13]: Reduction of migration flows. It started in 2008 [14], when the OECD legal migration decreased by 6% - the first decline after five sustainable growth. Other indicators are the applications for work permits. In Velikobitnaiya they decreased by 24% in 2008 and 32 percent in 2009, for Ireland the figures are even higher: 42% and 60% [15]; Rising unemployment among foreign workers due to their greater employment in sectors more susceptible to economic cycles as construction, tourism and trade. In 2007, record pembuatan kitchen set low unemployment in the OECD - 5.8%, but up 8.7 percent in the first quarter of 2010. New 17 million people fill the ranks of the unemployed. Most affected are two groups - the young [16] and immigrants. Unemployment immigrants devastate the highest values in Ireland and Spain, where increased by 8% and 11%. Its average value for the EU-15 is two times higher than that of the citizens of the European countries. Once the most vulnerable groups are young and immigrants, it is logical to expect that the most affected will be exactly young immigrants. They disprportsionalno bear the burden of the crisis - one in four migrants (24%) aged between 15 and 24 in the EU will work [17]; Return migration due to low income or unemployment; Reducing transfers of migrants. The OECD report gives the number of 6% [18]; Growing hostility to immigrants [19].
These general trends need to be nuanced and articles
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