The trick worked, and by the end of 1706, London, England, Congress passed a

However, this obviously does not apply to Scotland overview, we see from the above, Scotland almost from the Roman Empire, there is a distinct sense of their own country, and has been the establishment of an independent status to the fourteenth century, and then down to the sixteenth century, work tirelessly monte black to get rid of the shackles monte black of centuries, highlighting the theme of. Instead, the 18th century, Scotland as the birthplace of European Enlightenment, not only did not hold high nationalism, emphasize their uniqueness, but after ensuring the autonomy, to invest in Britain's arms, began to talk in the British monte black consciousness (Britishness ). Obviously, Ma Rong Scotland is discussed paradox.
Unified opportunity to Scotland and England, the causes of succession to the throne in England in 1603, and fell to the Scottish Stuarts. Queen Elizabeth I had no children, inherited the throne of King James VI of Scotland fell on him, so he became James I of England. James I of Scotland and England for the union of these two kingdoms are very interested, self-proclaimed "King of Britain." However, Congress did not want to follow England's north of Scotland have any claws Ge (England aristocracy question: "Who is that behind monte black to keep the north, poor countries with England, but the rich and privileged country?."). Scottish Parliament also politely declined the invitation. However, the two kingdoms of the royal family unity (the union of the Crowns), or planted a hundred years after the combination monte black of the two countries' joint Act "(the Act of Union) seeds. This is the year of James VI commissioned the Union Jack, Scottish Saltire was banished to the corner flag, suffice to say that England was out of view of the two countries combined.
Scotland, the merger of England, can benefit economically. In the seventeenth century, the Scottish National due to poor weather, cereal production is too low, leading to famine, the whole of Scotland's 1.2 million population are five percent starvation. Nevertheless, in 1689, Scotland is also trying to learn the Netherlands, established strongholds in overseas trade, in a trusted, Bank of Scotland (Bank of Scotland) founder monte black William Patterson (William Patterson) advocated under, Many people pay to join the Darian plan (the Darian Scheme), the intention of establishing a free trade port in Panama in the south. I did not expect this business plan is simply a scam, here is not only regarded by the Spanish possessions, dysentery and malaria is a swamp land, local indigenous Scottish ship goods brought totally not interested in, plus England Che Houtui, refused assistance, this plan failed miserably. Scotland affluent overseas colonies, trade harbor dreams of becoming a bubble, also lost to Scotland in the economic self-reliance, the vision of independent development: the Scottish National quarter of this plan are put into real estate, and many people were bankrupt. Scotland came to a turning point in history, whether you want to continue to be an isolated poor little country, or should join the British Empire to create wealth, which is starting to become more and more attractive. monte black
The trick worked, and by the end of 1706, London, England, Congress passed a "Joint Law", in early 1707 Edinburgh Scottish Parliament also passed a "Joint Law", the two were disbanded parliament, in London and then reorganized into Parliament of Great Britain. After the bill is passed, the two kingdoms 瓕 use the same country, one flag, one currency, one of the country (Great Britain). However, Scotland has not lost a democratic system, she sent forty-five MPs to London, sixteen to the House of Lords. In addition, the "combined method" also expressly protects the church, the law, the right to justice, universities and education, autonomous town (burgh) and other original systems in Scotland are unchanged.
Country retains its own unique characteristics, without losing democratic institutions in Scotland, in the seventeenth century was a small, poor country in northern Europe. The mid-eighteenth century, Highland experienced last restoration of the Stuarts tragic battle (the Battle of Culloden, Battle of Croton, 1745) after a few years, Great Britain, Scotland has become the fastest growing industrialization and modernization place, but also suddenly become Britain's most brilliant pearl island, the birthplace of the Enlightenment thought. Or most surprising is that in this splendid achievements, Scotland monte black does not become a "self-government will certainly cause separation" example, but many have become enlightened masters of British supporters.
Scotland is not only the colonial British Empire, but the initiative to become colonists. In Glasgow, the Scots already good at sailing vessels dispatched to Virginia to North America with North Carolina for the tobacco trade, remove monte black the middleman and get more than double the profits, they again turned to investment profits to other industries, such as glass, sugar refining, woven linen, etc.. During this period, Scottish success in overseas trade, a failed plan Darian grievances. You can also say, separate from England, then there is no way to cope with England, Scotland, relying on its military and political power, can intimidate the Scottish economy. However, as part of the United Kingdom, they would join a can change the entire country's economic system.
Commonly known as the Industrial Revolution hero, invented the steam engine Watt (James Watt), but combined with England Matthew Boulton monte black (Matthew Boulton) of financial resources, the establishment of Bolton monte black and Watt (Boulton & Watt), and patented in Congress extend rights to extensive sales watt steam.库尔布鲁克戴尔 town in central England (Coalbrookdale), the metal melt to the north-cast technology to help the Stirling County Carom steel plant (Carron Ironworks Company)'s inception, the company is one of the industrial revolution forward, Armed only ship manufacturing mortar barrel (carronade), but also the entire nineteenth century, when Europe's largest monte black steel company. Many are marked in red mailbox behind mortar barrel (carronade) Stirling County Carom steel company.
Of course, the added benefit of Scotland from the United Kingdom obtained, can not say that because before Scotland's independence, it has developed Unlike England, but also be able to take full advantage of such environmental conditions. Makes the sixteenth century Reformation Church of Scotland monte black (the Church of Scotland) became the Presbyterian Church Calvinism. This sect special emphasis on personal direct communication with God, reading the Bible is therefore indispensable soul salvation pipeline, and to be able to read the Bible, education is absolutely necessary. Therefore, the government and the Church of Scotland in the provision of universal education has a long history. To the seventeenth century, Scotland's literacy rate among the highest in the whole of Europe (mid-18th century is 75%), while the Scottish education system also is the most advanced countries in Europe. Scottish universities have been established, to 1582, Scotland already has four universities (St. Andrew, Glasgow, Aberdeen, Edinburgh), by contrast, while only two of England (Oxford, Cambridge). Scottish university is nothing without backward remote, are not subject to stimulate new ideas where, as early as the 1680s, there has been teaching Newton (Sir Isaac Newton ,1643-1727) mathematical principles. monte black (Note 2) St. Ann bamboo University monte black (University of St. Andrew) was founded in 1410, is the oldest university in Scotland. Scientific research is currently still famous. monte black
So perhaps not surprisingly, the eighteenth-century Scottish talent prepared out. Fields of philosophy, economics, engineering, geology, chemistry, physics, medicine, architecture, agriculture, and other laws have outstanding development. England, or even the whole of Europe, we must look to Scotland, because this is a striker civilization, frontline monte black scientific research, is "a hotbed of genius' ('the hotbed of genius'), Voltaire reputation as:" All of our civilized philosophy, are from Scotland learned. monte black "(" Nous nous tournons vers l'Écosse pour trouver toutes nos idées sur la civilisation. '). (Note 3)
But apparently no such Scottish intellectuals choice major Scottish Enlightenment thought leaders, mostly in lowland intellectuals, all energies toward building an English-speaking, urbanization, civilized business community, is a not deliberately Scotland flaunt their social qualities. This can be thought of heavyweights from the Scottish Enlightenment philosopher David Hume (David Hume, 1711-1766) anecdotes to illustrate, it is said that when he was dying confession, not his sins, but his works almost perfect monte black English, the occasional Scots. (Note 4)
The atmosphere of the Scottish Enlightenment thought monte black so, or not so strange, British patriotic song "Rule, Britannia!" Lyrics lyricist even then Scottish poet James Thomson (James Thomson, 1700-1748), which is fifteen century bard "William Wallace" has not a thousand miles away! YouTube, in 2008 the British summer concerts please Brian Welsh baritone Toefil (Bryn Terfel) monte black singing "Rule Britannia!". Today's Scotland: maintaining monte black the status quo or independence but also because of political crossroads decentralization, Scottish nationalist sentiment within the department to get comfort, and reached a national harmony effect. monte black This decade, according to a study the University of Glasgow, Scotland, lived in England, 62% of people think the day be better, anti-British sentiment is no longer so strong, although there are still 25% of people living in England, Scotland, said he had been to harassment and discrimination in the general Scots. However, this trend is lower, the UK government's Commission for Racial Equality monte black (Commission for Racial Equality) of the received appeals case, only 4% is on the Scottish people discriminate against England. (Note 5) Scottish Parliament logo in English and Gaelic and use.
From the beginning of the eighteenth century the British colonies through independent, very early learned from the genius of Adam Smith practice, monte black it is to be successful on the economic and social progress and development acquired than seize territory is not put even more important. That year, Adam Smith believed colonial defense spending, not as the monopoly of the colony trade gains obtained. monte black Britain should not fight with the Americans, but should give a monopoly mercantilism, saying free trade, monte black greater benefits so obtained. This "step back, HAILAN sky" philosophy, but also of the twentieth century fruitful harvest again: get improved monte black relations between Britain and Ireland, the Republic monte black of Ireland are independent, you can work together to solve the problem of terrorism in Northern Ireland . (Note 6) Glasgow Adam Smith statue.
The Dalai Lama advocates "middle way" to give up the independence of Tibet has been three decades. Its essence and spirit, many places with the Scots, England, who had preached in favor of unionism (Unionism) is very similar: both are national autonomy, and the rights of foreign and defense let out. As I demonstrated earlier, such a system to be successful in the UK, and has implemented a three hundred years, Britain has caught because of this economic crisis? War-torn? monte black Ethnic strife? Even lost territory? At present the answers to these questions are in the negative. Britain not only does not lead to the disintegration because of regional ethnic autonomy, but because of the contribution and cooperation of Scotland, mutual win-win. There is no reason to prove that the same system would not succeed in China.
However, as long as we see from 1950 to 1959 the Chinese experience in Tibet, we know that although signed the "Seventeen-Article Agreement" expressly guaranteed Tibet's political monte black system, religious beliefs, customs and habits are not changed, however, in practice, but then Tibet's interference in political affairs more than, say, China has put pressure on the Kashag monte black government was required to lift the duties of the two Prime Ministers, even demanded monte black the arrest of dissidents Kashag civil justice. Or, whether that nine years of experience, just look at "Seventeen-Article Agreement" after the signing, on behalf of Tibet is not a fundamental set 彚 have any room for the defense, can not be consulting the Kashag and the Dalai Lama's views on the China unilaterally forced to have the final say, and this process, compared to the Scottish experience, more similar to the thirteenth century, Edward monte black I to usurp the sovereignty of Scotland and subjectivity, rather than the beginning of the eighteenth century gentleman monte black equality and cooperation, "the joint bill".
At present Chinese leaders like to "advance with the times," hanging in the mouth, however, are merely the modernization of China, modern material, that is, learned the ships and armament, but in the political system and the rule mentality or the Middle monte black Ages The. If this really monte black is a modern, then it should be realistic, objective monte black and dispassionate investigation of the source of the national question, honestly asked why the protest, listen to different voices, the pursuit of truth, rather than imprison dissidents arrested, and that the problem will not disappear monte black . If this really is a modern, "unification" would not have become the CCP whole party, the absolute value of the majority of the Chinese people, "religion", and fanatical bigotry to superstition, you can do this beating, murder, assault aggression, even the extent of the war. Sadly, the vast majority monte black of Chinese people are not normally affected by the propaganda machine, otherwise the country is following the lead of the party, also decided to sing the same tune with the party-state has become imperialism, racial discrimination, ethnic killings accomplice.
On the other hand, is also worrisome, because stand-exile was middle of the road may give up independence, but lost the international solidarity. The latter point has occurred. Late last year, the UK government to abandon the original that China only suzerainty over Tibet, the Tibet autonomous body should respect the position of the downward adjustment to recognize Tibet as part of China, is the most explicit example. Even as long as the British Foreign Office said it was respecting the wishes of the Dalai Lama, overseas Tibetans protest will lose the position. Ambassador of the United States, the U.S. State Department can even take the same caliber, saying it was an internal affair of China, the United States inconvenient interference, then Tibet that lost aid. And there is no outside pressure, China's judiciary is fair to hear cases of Tibetans, China's political system can be treated equally dissatisfied with grief Tibetans do?
I am afraid that the "middle monte black way" advocated Holiness, the more lost than gained. monte black Cirenxiajia "Dragon in the snow," a book, referring to Tibet in September 1951 by the National Assembly to accept the "seventeen Association